Many other countries use variants of the process. The initial capital investment and operating costs of direct reduction plants are lower than integrated steel plants and are more suitable for developing countries where supplies of high grade coking coal are limited, but where steel scrap is generally available for recycling. DRI plants need not be part of an integrated steel plant, as is characteristic of blast furnaces. Benefits ĭirect reduction processes were developed to overcome the difficulties of conventional blast furnaces. DRI is most commonly made into steel using electric arc furnaces to take advantage of the heat produced by the DRI product. Steel made using DRI requires significantly less fuel, in that a traditional blast furnace is not needed. The direct reduction process is comparatively energy efficient. In both cases, the objective of the process is to remove the oxygen contained in various forms of iron ore (sized ore, concentrates, pellets, mill scale, furnace dust, etc.), in order to convert the ore to metallic iron, without melting it (below 1,200 ☌ (2,190 ☏)). Production of direct-reduced iron and breakdown by process Process ĭirect reduction processes can be divided roughly into two categories: gas-based, and coal-based.
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